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NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO
NT OS Loader + Linux mini-HOWTO
Bernd Reichert, <reichert@???>
v1.11, 2 September 1997
1. Abstract
This document describes the use of the
Windows NT boot loader to start Linux. This procedures have been tested
with Windows NT 4.0 WS and Linux 2.0.
2. How does the NT OS Loader work
The NT OS loader likes to have the boot
sector from the other operating systems available as a file. It reads this
file and starts the operating system selected, i.e. either Windows NT in
different Modes or any other OS.
3. Tips on how to install Windows NT
and Linux on the same System
3.1. Windows NT installation
Try to install Windows NT first. If you
want to use NTFS for your Windows NT-partition, keep in mind, that the
todays production version of Linux cannot access NTFS partitions. An alpha
driver that can read NTFS-Partitions is vailable at
http://www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/~loewis/ntfs.
You may create a separate FAT-Partition for data exchange or you have to
use DOS-formatted floppies.
3.2. Partitioning
Another Mini-howto recommends not to use
NTs "Disk Administartor" to create the Linux swap - and
root- partitions. It is sufficient to see the free space there. I also
recommend to use linux's fdisk later.
3.3. Linux installation
Now boot linux from diskettes, create
the swap and root-partition. Fdisk assumes the ntfs-partition to be a HPFS-partition.
This is normal. Boot again from diskettes and install Linux as you like.
Just in case the installation procedure suggests that you could mount the
NTFS partition which it has found: Ignore it.
3.4. Lilo
When you come to the Lilo-Section, specify
your Linux-root-partition as your boot device because the Master Boot Record
(MBR) of your harddisk is owned by Windows NT. This means that the root-entry
and the boot-entry in your /etc/lilo.conf have the same value. If
you have a IDE-harddisk and your Linux-partition is the second partition,
your boot-entry in /etc/lilo.conf looks like :
boot=/dev/hda2
If you have two disks and your Linux resides
on the first partition of your second disk, your boot-entry in /etc/lilo.conf
looks like:
boot=/dev/hdb1
Run lilo with a kernel that matches your
system. Check the kernel by booting from diskette first if you are not
sure. If you cannot boot Windows NT now, you have a problem. I hope you
have created a repair-disk recently.
4. Bootpart
There is a NT-programm called bootpart
written by G. Vollant that can do the jobs from the next two points for
you. Bootpart is available at
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/gvollant/bootpart.htm.
If you want to know how things are working
together, use the procedures described in point 5 and 6.
5. The Linux part of the work
You have to boot from diskettes until
the NT-part is fixed. Now you have to peel the bootsector from your Linux-root-Partition.
With /dev/hda2 as your linux-partition, the dd-command is:
# dd if=/dev/hda2 of=/bootsect.lnx
bs=512 count=1
NB. There is something wrong if your bootsect.lnx
has more than 512 bytes.
Now copy the file bootsect.lnx to a DOS-formated floppy if this
is your way to transfer files to the NTFS-Windows-partition. You can copy
it with :
# mcopy /bootsect.lnx a:
or with :
# mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt
# copy /bootsect.lnx /mnt
# umount /mnt
6. The Windows NT part of the work
Copy the file from the diskette to C:\bootsect.lnx.
I don't tell you how to do that. What lilo.conf is for linux is what c:\boot.ini
is for Windows NT. Remove the system and the read-only attributes before
you can modify it with :
C:\attrib -s -r c:\boot.ini
Now change the file boot.ini with
an editor, notepad for example, as follows :
[boot loader]
timeout=30
default=multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT
[operating systems]
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Windows NT Workstation
...
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Windows NT Workstation
...
C:\BOOTSECT.LNX="Linux"
Only the last line has been added in this
example. Restore the attributes after you have saved boot.ini with :
C:\attrib +s +r c:\boot.ini
After a shutdown of your Windows NT and
a restart you should see the following :
OS Loader V4.00
Please select the operating system to start :
Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0
Windows NT Workstation Version 4.0
[VGA mode]
Linux
Select Linux and see LILO loading zImage
....
7. Play it again Sam
A new copy of bootsect.lnx must
be transfererd to C:\BOOTSECT.LNX evry time the bootsector of your
linux-partition has been modified. This happens for example when you install
a new kernel with lilo. As you can see such a system in not ideal for testing
experimental kernels.
8. Troubleshooting
If things do not work as expected, check
bootability with a floppy disk. With /dev/hdb1 as your Linux-partition,
your /etc/lilo.conf has the following entries :
root=/dev/hdb1
boot=/dev/fd0
Run lilo with a diskette inserted. Now
try to boot from the diskette. If your Linux on /dev/hdb1 can't
be started, the NT OS loader will also fail to start it. If you see a lot
of 01 01 01 01, your root-disk is not accessible. Check whether all your
disks are known by the bios.
If the floppy boots your Linux partition,
you can peel of your boot-sector for the NT OS loader with :
# dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/bootsect.lnx
bs=512 count=1
You can keep this diskette as your rescue-diskette
just in case your Windows NT installation breaks.
9. References
The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO, the FAQ
for FreeBSD 2.X
10. Acknowledgements
Thanks to Xiaoming Yi <z3c20@???>
for the tip that the procedures work also with other disks than the first
one. Thanks to Frank Dennler <Frank.Dennler@???> for the diskette-trick.
11. Feedback
Any comments are welcome.
